Confirmation Bias in Project Management: How to Recognise and Overcome It

Blog 21-07-2025

Confirmation bias in project management is a common but often unnoticed risk. It’s the human tendency to seek out evidence that supports our existing beliefs, while ignoring information that challenges them. For project managers, this bias can influence decisions about scope, budget, timelines, and risk, ultimately affecting project outcomes.

Even with strong technical skills and well-defined project controls, bias can creep in. It may stem from pressure to deliver, confidence in past projects, or assumptions based on past successes. Left unchecked, it can distort judgement and lead teams down the wrong path.

In this article, we’ll explore how to recognise and address confirmation bias, and offer practical ways to avoid, combat, and mitigate its effects, helping you protect decision quality and improve project success.

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Contents

What is Confirmation Bias?
Why Confirmation Bias Matters in Project Management
How Confirmation Bias Affects Project Managers and Project Teams
How Project Managers Can Recognise Confirmation Bias in Decision Making
Other Cognitive Biases That Impact Project Decision Making
How to Combat Confirmation Bias in Project Management
Long-Term Strategies to Avoid and Mitigate Confirmation Bias in Projects
Conclusion: Better Decisions for Project Success

 

What is Confirmation Bias?

 

Confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias that affects how people gather and interpret information. In project management, it describes the tendency to prioritise data that supports existing beliefs, while overlooking evidence that contradicts them.

It often appears early, such as during the development of an initial estimate or business case. Influences may include pressure to justify funding, prior success, or a strong belief in a specific solution.

Importantly, this bias doesn’t suggest poor intent. It affects even experienced project professionals, leading teams to make decisions that aren’t rooted in current reality. Recognising confirmation bias in project management helps project professionals move from reactive to reflective decision-making.

Left unchecked, it can cause poor risk identification, underestimated budget needs, and missed chances to improve efficiency. Recognising it early is critical to maintaining quality decision-making throughout the project lifecycle.

 

Why Confirmation Bias Matters in Project Management

 

Projects often move fast, and decisions must be made under pressure. In this context, confirmation bias can distort how teams assess risk or evaluate progress. Teams may continue with flawed plans simply because they believe in them, even when new evidence suggests a course correction is needed.

This bias can also lead to cost overruns, timeline slips, and misaligned deliverables. Input from stakeholders or external experts may be dismissed if it challenges the team’s original assumptions.

When team members don’t feel empowered to share diverse perspectives, blind spots persist. Collaboration suffers, and the chance of project success decreases.

To reduce the effects of confirmation bias in project management, leaders must be willing to challenge assumptions and stay open to new information.

How Confirmation Bias Affects Project Managers and Project Teams

 

This section explores how confirmation bias in project management manifests at both the individual and group level. Project managers may focus too heavily on data that confirms their expectations. Within teams, groupthink can emerge, making it harder to raise concerns or propose alternatives.

Relying on past successes without evaluating whether the current situation is truly similar can lead to repeating ineffective solutions. Feedback that doesn’t align with the team’s beliefs may be ignored, especially when deadlines or funding pressure is high.

Over time, this limits learning, stifles innovation, and prevents teams from fully exploring better solutions.

 

How Project Managers Can Recognise Confirmation Bias in Decision Making

 

Spotting confirmation bias in the moment can be difficult, especially when time is limited and decisions feel urgent. But certain behaviours and thought patterns can act as warning signs.

Here’s a practical checklist to help project managers reflect on their own thinking and recognise when bias might be influencing decisions:

Self-Check for Confirmation Bias

  • Am I only seeking out information that supports the original plan or proposal?
    This could mean you’re ignoring important evidence that contradicts your assumptions.
  • Have I dismissed feedback from the project team or stakeholders too quickly?
    Valuable input can be lost when it challenges our beliefs.
  • Do I feel unusually confident in this decision, despite limited data?
    Overconfidence is a classic signal, especially when based on past successes.
  • Have alternative options been properly explored and documented?
    If not, there’s a risk you’re narrowing the focus to only one possible path.
  • Am I under pressure to confirm a decision before fully understanding the risks?
    Deadlines and expectations can increase the tendency to favour fast answers over correct ones.
  • Has this estimate or plan changed significantly since it was first made?
    If not, consider whether you’re clinging to the initial estimate without sufficient review.
  • Did I ask anyone to challenge the current approach?
    Intentionally including people to challenge assumptions can reveal blind spots.

Keeping this checklist close at hand can help you recognise confirmation bias in project management before it influences key decisions.

It’s not about avoiding all mistakes, but about creating space to reflect and reduce the risk of poor decisions before they impact project outcomes.

Other Cognitive Biases That Impact Project Decision Making

 

Confirmation bias is one of the most common traps in project work, but it’s not the only one. Project managers and teams regularly face other cognitive biases that shape how they assess risk, manage budget, or decide whether to keep proceeding with a plan.

Here are six other biases worth watching for, and how they might affect your project decisions:

Affective Bias

Your mood influences your judgment.
On a stressful day, you might rate a low-risk issue as critical. On a good day, you may underestimate real threats. This can affect how you prioritise tasks and allocate resources.

Risk Framing Bias

The way a problem is presented shapes your response.
If a risk is framed in terms of loss, people are more likely to take drastic action. If it’s framed as a potential gain, they may avoid action altogether — even when the implications are serious.

Availability Bias

Recent or memorable events feel more important than they are.
If a recent incident caused concern, similar risks might get exaggerated attention. Meanwhile, less visible but more likely risks could be ignored.

Normalcy Bias

Assuming the future will resemble the past.
Just because something hasn’t happened before doesn’t mean it won’t. This mindset can blind teams to potential issues and reduce preparedness for unexpected events.

 

Optimism Bias

Overestimating the likelihood of positive outcomes.
This can cause teams to underestimate cost overruns, downplay delivery challenges, or ignore signs that a project is off track.

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Continuing a project just because you’ve already invested time or money.
Rather than pivoting when needed, teams may stick to a failing course simply because they’ve already spent resources on it.

How to Combat Confirmation Bias in Project Management

 

Once you recognise that confirmation bias exists in your project environment, the next step is to take deliberate action to reduce its influence. While no method is perfect, there are proven ways to build habits and workflows that help you and your project team think more objectively.

You could use this checklist to help combat confirmation bias in your project decision-making processes. These actions are designed to help reduce the influence of confirmation bias in project management across all phases of delivery:

Practical Checklist for Project Managers

 

  • Encourage open discussion of risks and assumptions
    Create space for your project team to question plans and raise potential issues without fear of being seen as negative.
  • Assign a ‘devil’s advocate’ role in key meetings
    Have someone specifically tasked with challenging the dominant idea or proposed course of action.
  • Review the original rationale behind decisions
    Revisit the data or inputs used in your initial estimate or business case. Ask if they still reflect current reality.
  • Actively seek disconfirming evidence
    Before committing to a decision, look for evidence that might suggest the opposite view or a flaw in the logic.
  • Consult a diverse range of opinions
    Involve people from different roles, backgrounds, or external teams. Diverse perspectives can reveal blind spots you may not see.
  • Use decision logs to track how and why decisions were made
    This promotes transparency and helps identify when decisions may have been based on untested beliefs.  Learn more in our article on what a decision log is and how to use it in project management.
  • Check your confidence level
    If a decision feels too easy or obvious, pause. Ask whether your existing beliefs are being confirmed without enough challenge.
  • Use structured frameworks for evaluation
    Tools like SWOT, cost-benefit analysis, or risk heat maps force teams to look at more than one side of a decision. Explore more in our guide: Project Evaluation: A Complete Guide for Managers
  • Pause before acting on intuition
    Fast decisions aren’t always bad, but they should be flagged. Intuition might be based on past projects, not current data.

Implementing these approaches can help project managers slow down, reflect, and reduce the risks associated with biased thinking. While you can’t remove bias entirely, you can make it visible, and that alone can improve project outcomes, reduce errors, and support stronger decision-making.

 

Long-Term Strategies for Overcoming Confirmation Bias in Projects

 

While individual habits matter, lasting change comes from building bias-awareness into your project environment. These strategies help teams and organisations reduce confirmation bias over time:

 

  • Build a challenge culture
    Encourage respectful questioning of plans, estimates, and decisions. Leaders should model openness to critique and changing direction based on new evidence. 
  • Embed structured reviews into project controls
    Use formal review points to revisit assumptions, especially before key decisions on funding, scope, or direction. 
  • Invest in training on cognitive bias
    Equip project professionals with the tools to recognise and address bias — just like you would for risk or stakeholder management. 
  • Diversify your teams
    Greater diverse perspectives increase the chance of identifying blind spots. Cross-functional input should be part of planning and review stages. 
  • Run pre-mortems and peer reviews
    Pre-mortems help teams anticipate failure before it happens. Peer reviews provide a neutral perspective to challenge existing beliefs and highlight potential issues. 

These approaches take time to embed, but they help improve decision quality, protect against flawed thinking, and support long-term project success.

 

Conclusion: Better Decisions for Project Success

 

Confirmation bias in project management is easy to overlook but hard to ignore once you know the signs. From overconfidence in an initial estimate to filtering out negative feedback, the bias can quietly influence decisions and lead even skilled project professionals off course.

Recognising this human tendency is the first step. From there, project managers can take practical steps to challenge assumptions, invite diverse perspectives, and embed long-term strategies for bias resistance into their processes.

Whether you’re improving team discussions or refining your project controls, the benefits of confronting bias are clear: fewer mistakes, clearer thinking, and better project outcomes.

By staying aware of confirmation bias in project management, leaders can create a culture that values critical thinking, adaptability, and evidence.

No one can remove bias entirely. But with the right tools, awareness, and mindset, you can reduce its impact and lead your team toward more confident, evidence-based decisions. 

Image Sources: Astrid.IQ

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